Topic 01: Michelle Bachelet Wins 2024 Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament, and Development.
- Who has been awarded the 2024 Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament, and Development?
a) Angela Merkel
b) Michelle Bachelet
c) Jacinda Ardern
d) António Guterres
Answer: b) Michelle Bachelet
Explanation: Michelle Bachelet, former President of Chile, received the 2024 prize for her contributions to human rights and equality.
- When was the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament, and Development established?
a) 1976
b) 1986
c) 1996
d) 2006
Answer: b) 1986
Explanation: The award was instituted in 1986 to honour contributions to international peace and development.
- What is included in the Indira Gandhi Prize?
a) Rs 10 lakh and a trophy
b) Rs 25 lakh and a citation
c) Rs 50 lakh and a certificate
d) A trophy and a gold medal
Answer: b) Rs 25 lakh and a citation
Explanation: The prize comprises a cash award of Rs 25 lakh and a citation.
- How many terms did Michelle Bachelet serve as the President of Chile?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: b) Two
Explanation: Bachelet served as Chile’s president from 2006 to 2010 and again from 2014 to 2018.
- What was one of Bachelet’s key achievements during her presidency?
a) Establishing a free trade agreement with India
b) Launching the UN Women initiative
c) Promoting Chile’s military expansion
d) Introducing global climate change policies
Answer: a) Establishing a free trade agreement with India
Explanation: During her presidency, a free trade agreement between India and Chile was signed.
- What role did Michelle Bachelet hold at the United Nations from 2010 to 2013?
a) UN Secretary-General
b) Director of UN Women
c) UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
d) Chairperson of the UN General Assembly
Answer: b) Director of UN Women
Explanation: She was the first director of UN Women, promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment.
- What was Michelle Bachelet’s focus as the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights?
a) Trade reforms
b) Women’s and LGBTQ rights
c) Climate change policies
d) Economic development
Answer: b) Women’s and LGBTQ rights
Explanation: As UN High Commissioner (2018–2022), Bachelet advocated for women’s rights, LGBTQ rights, and global human rights.
- What sector benefited from Michelle Bachelet’s efforts to enhance India-Chile relations?
a) Defense
b) Trade and cultural exchange
c) Space exploration
d) Tourism
Answer: b) Trade and cultural exchange
Explanation: Bachelet worked to boost collaboration in trade and cultural exchange between the two nations.
- What does UN Women focus on?
a) Climate policies
b) Economic development
c) Gender equality and women’s empowerment
d) Humanitarian aid
Answer: c) Gender equality and women’s empowerment
Explanation: UN Women, established in 2010, is a UN entity dedicated to advancing women’s rights globally.
- What does the Indira Gandhi Prize primarily recognize?
a) Achievements in sports
b) Contributions to peace, disarmament, and development
c) Excellence in education
d) Innovations in technology
Answer: b) Contributions to peace, disarmament, and development
Explanation: The prize honours individuals or organizations contributing to global peace and development.
Topic-02: Human-Cape Buffalo Conflicts in Tanzania.
- What species is the focus of the human-wildlife conflict in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA)?
a) African Elephant
b) Cape Buffalo
c) African Lion
d) Cheetah
Answer: b) Cape Buffalo
Explanation: The text specifically highlights conflicts involving Cape buffaloes in the NCA.
- What is the current global population estimate for Cape buffaloes?
a) 500,000-550,000
b) 569,000-573,000
c) 400,000-450,000
d) 600,000-650,000
Answer: b) 569,000-573,000
Explanation: The global population is estimated at this range, with about 398,000 mature individuals.
- What is the primary cause of human-Cape buffalo conflict according to the study?
a) Poaching
b) Competition for resources
c) Disease spread
d) Predation on livestock
Answer: b) Competition for resources
Explanation: The study identifies competition for land and crops as the main source of conflict.
- What crops are most targeted by Cape buffaloes during the wet season?
a) Wheat, rice, and sugarcane
b) Maize, beans, and coffee
c) Cotton, sorghum, and millet
d) Cassava, yams, and peanuts
Answer: b) Maize, beans, and coffee
Explanation: Buffaloes specifically target these crops during the wet season, causing significant damage.
- What traditional methods do farmers use to protect their crops from buffaloes?
a) Electric fences and drones
b) Guarding fields, lighting fires, and making loud noises
c) Setting traps and chemical repellents
d) Building high walls and using scarecrows
Answer: b) Guarding fields, lighting fires, and making loud noises
Explanation: These traditional methods are commonly used by farmers to deter buffaloes.
- What innovative deterrents are proposed to reduce human-buffalo conflicts?
a) Solar panels and water sprays
b) Chilli bombs, drones, and bright lights
c) Sound cannons and tranquilizers
d) Poison bait and predator calls
Answer: b) Chilli bombs, drones, and bright lights
Explanation: These techniques, proven effective with elephants, are suggested for buffalo conflict mitigation.
- What regulation do researchers recommend to reduce crop damage near protected areas?
a) Ban on all farming activities
b) No crop planting within 500 meters of protected areas
c) Restrict entry to conservation zones
d) Introduce a seasonal farming permit system
Answer: b) No crop planting within 500 meters of protected areas
Explanation: This regulation aims to minimize direct interaction between buffaloes and farmers.
- What percentage of Cape buffalo population decline occurred between 1999 and 2014?
a) 12%
b) 15%
c) 18%
d) 20%
Answer: c) 18%
Explanation: The text notes an 18% population decline during this period.
- What is a key recommendation for involving local communities in conflict resolution?
a) Encourage poaching patrols
b) Form resource-sharing groups
c) Relocate communities from conflict zones
d) Build permanent buffalo shelters
Answer: b) Form resource-sharing groups
Explanation: These groups can help manage costs and promote collective responsibility.
- What conservation status is given to the Cape buffalo on the IUCN Red List?
a) Vulnerable
b) Near Threatened
c) Endangered
d) Least Concern
Answer: b) Near Threatened
Explanation: The Cape buffalo is classified as Near Threatened due to its declining population and conflicts with humans.
Topic-03: CGIAR’s Strategy for Resilient Drylands 2030.
- What percentage of the global population relies on drylands for their livelihoods?
a) 1.7 billion
b) 2.7 billion
c) 3.7 billion
d) 4.7 billion
Answer: b) 2.7 billion
Explanation: Drylands support 2.7 billion people globally, providing essential livelihoods.
- What is the primary goal of the 2030 Global Strategy for Resilient Drylands (GSRD)?
a) Expanding urban areas
b) Improving food security and conserving biodiversity
c) Promoting industrialization
d) Increasing mining activities
Answer: b) Improving food security and conserving biodiversity
Explanation: The GSRD focuses on food security and biodiversity conservation in drylands.
- Where was the GSRD introduced?
a) COP15 in Nairobi
b) COP16 in Riyadh
c) COP17 in Paris
d) COP14 in Geneva
Answer: b) COP16 in Riyadh
Explanation: The GSRD was launched at COP16 in Riyadh.
- Which regions are primarily targeted by the GSRD?
a) North America and Europe
b) Asia and Africa
c) Australia and Oceania
d) South America and Antarctica
Answer: b) Asia and Africa
Explanation: The strategy focuses on dryland regions in Asia and Africa.
- Which innovative technology is included in the GSRD strategy?
a) Wind turbines
b) Solar-powered agrivoltaics
c) Blockchain
d) Geothermal pumps
Answer: b) Solar-powered agrivoltaics
Explanation: Agrivoltaics is highlighted as a key technology for improving agricultural productivity in drylands.
- Which crops are emphasized for development under the GSRD?
a) Rice and wheat
b) Barley and chickpeas
c) Maize and sugarcane
d) Sorghum and millet
Answer: b) Barley and chickpeas
Explanation: Climate-resilient crops like barley and chickpeas are central to the GSRD.
- Which organization is involved in improving agricultural practices in drylands?
a) ICARDA
b) WHO
c) WTO
d) UNEP
Answer: a) ICARDA
Explanation: The International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas focuses on enhancing agricultural practices in dryland regions.
- What is one of the main issues addressed by the GSRD?
a) Overpopulation in cities
b) Land degradation and desertification
c) Rising sea levels
d) Deforestation in rainforests
Answer: b) Land degradation and desertification
Explanation: The GSRD aims to tackle land degradation and desertification in drylands.
- What are the five main focus areas of the GSRD?
a) Industrialization, urbanization, deforestation, mining, and trade
b) Agriculture adaptation, biodiversity conservation, soil and water management, healthy diets, inclusive development
c) Climate change adaptation, disaster management, renewable energy, healthcare, infrastructure development
d) Crop breeding, market development, fertilizer use, mechanization, irrigation
Answer: b) Agriculture adaptation, biodiversity conservation, soil and water management, healthy diets, inclusive development
Explanation: These five areas are the strategic goals of the GSRD.
- What opportunity does the GSRD aim to highlight for dryland regions?
a) Migration to urban centers
b) Potential for resilience in agriculture
c) Establishment of industries
d) Complete desert restoration
Answer: b) Potential for resilience in agriculture
Explanation: The strategy reframes drylands as areas of opportunity with potential resilience in agriculture.